Quick Overview:
This compilation of current affairs highlights key developments relevant for UPSC preparation. It covers political changes in Madagascar, India-Australia renewable energy cooperation, environmental initiatives such as green crackers, advancements in defence technology, and sustainable mangrove-based aquaculture in the Sundarbans. Each topic includes factual context, strategic significance, and links to UPSC prelims and mains relevance.
1. Madagascar Military Takeover
Madagascar's armed forces have assumed control of the government following a youth-led rebellion over economic and governance challenges. Historically prone to military-backed power shifts, the country last witnessed major unrest in 2009. Geographically, Madagascar is the fourth-largest island, home to endemic flora and fauna including lemurs, giant geckos, and marine life such as humpback whales. The Baobab tree is nationally symbolic. About 80% of the population relies on agriculture, with rice as a staple crop and music playing a significant cultural role.
2. India-Australia Renewable Energy Partnership (REP)
The REP, launched in 2024, strengthens collaboration in solar PV, green hydrogen, energy storage, and related clean energy sectors. It addresses overdependence on China for critical materials and seeks a resilient regional supply chain. India contributes scale, skilled workforce, and market demand, while Australia provides critical minerals and regulatory stability. This partnership aligns with India’s 500 GW non-fossil energy target by 2030 and Australia’s 62–70% emission reduction goal by 2035. Related global partnerships include India-EU CECP, US-India SCEP, Denmark’s GFAI, and the Global Biofuels Alliance.
3. Green Crackers
The Supreme Court relaxed the ban on fireworks in Delhi-NCR, permitting NEERI and PESO-approved green crackers during Deepavali 2025. Green crackers reduce particulate matter by at least 30% or 20% PM with 10% reduction in gaseous emissions. They include improved formulations and new designs to minimize environmental impact while balancing cultural practices.
4. Tomahawk Missiles
The U.S. may supply long-range Tomahawk cruise missiles to Ukraine if Russia fails to de-escalate the conflict. Tomahawks are subsonic, precision-guided cruise missiles, contrasting with ballistic missiles in trajectory, flight path, and range. Modern cruise missiles allow mid-flight reprogramming, enhancing strategic flexibility.
5. SAIME Model in Sundarbans
The Sustainable Aquaculture in Mangrove Ecosystems (SAIME) model balances mangrove conservation with aquaculture-based livelihoods. It integrates 5–30% mangrove cover in ponds, uses natural shrimp feed, increases climate resilience, and improves farmer incomes. The Sundarbans, spanning India and Bangladesh, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the world’s largest mangrove forest, crucial for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and coastal protection.
6. Indigenous Military Combat Parachute System (MCPS)
DRDO developed MCPS, a parachute system operable above 25,000 feet, integrated with India’s NavIC for secure navigation. It enhances paratrooper safety, mission efficiency, and reduces dependence on foreign systems, marking a milestone in indigenous defence innovation.
CLAT/Exam Relevance Summary:
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Prelims: Facts about Madagascar, green crackers, Tomahawk missiles, SAIME model, and MCPS provide direct current affairs questions.
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Mains: Analytical discussion topics include India-Australia renewable energy partnership, sustainable development via mangrove conservation (SAIME), climate-resilient energy strategies, and indigenous defence technology.
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PYQs & Case Studies: Include energy schemes (UDAY), sustainable energy targets, and mangrove/ecosystem management.