November 20, 2025

Quick Overview

Today’s major developments span health, environment, governance, geopolitics, water management, and space science. WHO’s GLASS 2025 report warns of rising global antimicrobial resistance, with India among the worst affected. The National Water Awards highlight innovation in water conservation, while the Supreme Court calls for a long-term clean-air strategy beyond GRAP. UNESCO launches the first neurotechnology ethics framework, Pakistan passes a controversial military-empowering amendment, and intense solar activity leads to widespread auroras.

1. WHO's GLASS 2025 Report on AMR

Key Highlights

  • AMR rose in 40% of monitored pathogen–antibiotic combinations (2018–2023).

  • Highest resistance seen in Southeast Asia & Eastern Mediterranean; lowest in Europe.

  • India shows 1 in 3 bacterial infections resistant to common antibiotics.

  • ICU infections from E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus show critical resistance.

Why This Matters

  • Threatens India’s healthcare burden.

  • Weakens effectiveness of “Watch” antibiotics (carbapenems, fluoroquinolones).

  • Requires strengthening Schedule H1, stewardship programmes, and genomic surveillance.


2. National Water Awards 2024

About the Awards

  • Started in 2018 by the Ministry of Jal Shakti (Department of Water Resources).

  • Recognise innovation, leadership, and community participation in water conservation.

  • Promote recycling, reuse, irrigation efficiency, and groundwater sustainability.

2024 Key Results

  • 46 winners across 10 categories.

  • Maharashtra ranked Best State, followed by Gujarat & Haryana.

  • Encourages a Whole-of-Government & Whole-of-Society approach to water management.


3. Need for a Long-Term Clean-Air Strategy for NCR

Supreme Court’s Observation

  • Enforcing GRAP year-round is not practical.

  • Short-term reactions cannot solve structural pollution issues.

India–China Comparison

  • China offers to share its successful urban pollution control models.

  • India needs long-term measures:

    • Industrial regulation

    • Transport overhaul

    • Crop-residue solutions

    • Better monitoring & urban planning


4. UNESCO’s Neurotechnology Ethics Framework

Why in News

  • UNESCO released the first-ever global ethics guidelines for neurotechnology.

Why It Matters

  • Neurotech (BCIs, implants, cognitive enhancement tools) is rapidly expanding.

  • Risks include:

    • Privacy breaches

    • Autonomy loss

    • Behaviour manipulation

    • Military misuse

Framework Aim

  • Integrate ethics with innovation.

  • Protect neural data as a fundamental human right.


5. Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment

Key Change

  • Formally reinforces military supremacy over Pakistan’s political system.

Implications for India

  • A more assertive and militarised Pakistani state.

  • Higher chances of:

    • Proxy warfare

    • Border escalation

    • Nuclear brinkmanship

  • India must enhance vigilance, intelligence, and diplomatic preparedness.


6. Auroras, Solar Flares, CMEs & Solar Storms

Why in News

  • Heightened solar activity produced colourful auroras far beyond the Arctic region.

Key Concepts

  • Auroras: Caused by charged particles from the Sun interacting with Earth’s magnetosphere.

  • Solar Flares: Sudden radiation bursts.

  • CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections): Massive plasma discharges.

  • Solar Storms: Combined impact on Earth; can disrupt GPS, satellites, and power grids.

Exam Relevance (UPSC/CLAT)

GS2: Health, Governance, International Relations
GS3: Environment, Science & Tech, Robotics/AI, Geophysical Phenomena
Prelims: WHO, GLASS, AMR, National Water Awards, Jal Shakti, GRAP, UNESCO, Neurotech, Solar Flares, CMEs

Topics relevant for prelims & mains:

  • AMR trends & WHO monitoring

  • Water conservation policies & awards

  • NCR pollution control frameworks

  • Ethical concerns around neurotechnology

  • India–Pakistan dynamics

  • Solar storms & geophysical phenomena


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